The incidence of Cardiovascular Diseases (CVD) is increasing in Saudi Arabia, and so are the rates of Diabetes Mellitus (DM) and Obesity. The obesity effect on function of vascular system could be controlled by polypeptide Leptin hormone (LEP). The possible correlation between LEP with both DM and CVD is studied in this work. The present work was performed in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia. The patients were allocated into four matched groups: GI; patients with CVD, GII; patients with type 2 DM, GII: patients suffering from DM and CVD, and GIV: healthy controls. Each group was subdivided into male and female subgroups. Anthropometrics, blood pressure, lipid profile, insulin, fasting blood glucose, fibrinogen, and uric acid levels were estimated, and then correlated to LEP levels. Two hundred and one patients, (114 males) and (87 females), were included in this study. Although plasma LEP was higher in the (CVD and DM) study group when compared to normal individuals, and in females when compared to males, LEP levels showed no significant difference between groups. LEP was strongly associated with age and Systolic Blood Pressure (SBP) in all females’ subgroup. Males showed a negative correlation between LEP and cholesterol levels while females showed a positive correlations between LEP with age and uric acid, and negative correlations with blood glucose and cholesterol levels. The present study indicated that LEP levels were higher in (CVD and DM) group when compared to normal individuals. Estimation of LEP might be used as a biomarker to detect early cardiovascular manifestations.
 

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