Medication-related osteonecrosis of the jaw is a recent pathology, initially mentioned in 2003 by Marx, but associated only with the bisphosphonates. In 2011, other studies showed that drugs from other groups of medication were also responsible for developing the disease. Currently, antiresorptive and angiogenic drugs are correlated as risk factors for osteonecrosis of the jaws, but there are other risk factors, such as smoking, alcohol intake, drug use for more than three years, obesity, treatments with use of corticosteroids and chemotherapy drugs. The associated local factors are linked to surgical procedures such as extractions and dental implants, due to the inflammatory process generated at the spot. The disease has several stages, and may be symptomatic or asymptomatic, depending on the stages. In its clinical characteristics, it can demonstrate the presence of necrotic bone exposed in the oral cavity with or without the presence of intraoral or extraoral fistula. Treatment consists of proservation and postponing surgical procedures as much as possible, with endodontic or periodontal treatment being the best conduct. Methodology: the present study qualifies as a literature review having the “Pubmed” database as a source of bibliographic research, using keywords such as “MRONJ”, “Osteonecrosis”, “Antiresorptive”, “Antiangiogenic”, among others. It was concluded that there are few studies on this topic, but currently studies point to two groups of drugs as risk factors for the development of the disease, in addition to local and systemic factors.

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